No-Knead Bread

No-Knead Bread
Joseph De Leo for The New York Times
Total Time
1 hour 30 minutes, plus about 20 hours' resting time
Rating
5(19,428)
Notes
Read community notes

Here is one of the most popular recipes The Times has ever published, courtesy of Jim Lahey, owner of Sullivan Street Bakery. It requires no kneading. It uses no special ingredients, equipment or techniques. And it takes very little effort — only time. You will need 24 hours to create the bread, but much of this is unattended waiting, a slow fermentation of the dough that results in a perfect loaf. (We've updated the recipe to reflect changes Mark Bittman made to the recipe in 2006 after publishing and receiving reader feedback. The original recipe called for 3 cups flour; we've adjusted it to call for 3⅓ cups/430 grams flour.) In 2021, J. Kenji López-Alt revisited the recipe and shared his own tweaked version. —Mark Bittman

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Ingredients

Yield:One 1½-pound loaf
  • 3⅓cups/430 grams all-purpose or bread flour, plus more for dusting
  • Generous ¼ teaspoon/1 gram instant yeast
  • 2teaspoons/8 grams kosher salt
  • Cornmeal or wheat bran, as needed
Ingredient Substitution Guide

Preparation

  1. Step 1

    In a large bowl combine flour, yeast and salt. Add 1½ cups/345 grams water and stir until blended; dough will be shaggy and sticky. Cover bowl with plastic wrap. Let dough rest at least 12 hours, preferably about 18, at warm room temperature, about 70 degrees.

  2. Step 2

    Dough is ready when its surface is dotted with bubbles. Lightly flour a work surface and place dough on it; sprinkle it with a little more flour and fold it over on itself once or twice. Cover loosely with plastic wrap and let rest about 15 minutes.

  3. Step 3

    Using just enough flour to keep dough from sticking to work surface or to your fingers, gently and quickly shape dough into a ball. Generously coat a cotton towel (not terry cloth) with flour, wheat bran or cornmeal; put dough seam side down on towel and dust with more flour, bran or cornmeal. Cover with another cotton towel and let rise for about 2 hours. When it is ready, dough will be more than double in size and will not readily spring back when poked with a finger.

  4. Step 4

    At least a half-hour before dough is ready, heat oven to 450 degrees. Put a 6- to 8-quart heavy covered pot (cast iron, enamel, Pyrex or ceramic) in oven as it heats. When dough is ready, carefully remove pot from oven. Slide your hand under towel and turn dough over into pot, seam side up; it may look like a mess, but that is OK. Shake pan once or twice if dough is unevenly distributed; it will straighten out as it bakes. Cover with lid and bake 30 minutes, then remove lid and bake another 15 to 30 minutes, until loaf is beautifully browned. Cool on a rack.

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5 out of 5
19,428 user ratings
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Cooking Notes

Where you use towels to hold the dough, I use parchment paper...then I grab the paper, lower it into the 450 degree pot put on the lid, and bake it. No sticking. No burning.

My results were equally perplexing. I used 3 c of flour. Added 1 c butter and 2 c semi sweet morsels. Two eggs and some vanilla. Instead of forming a loaf, I spooned tablespoon sized balls on a baking sheet. Baked for 10 mins at 350. Came out tasting like chocolate chip cookies!!! Not sure what I did wrong. Maybe a little more tweaking will help.

I'm kidding, but you didn't follow a single thing from the original recipe. Your comment has nothing to do with Bittman's recipe.

I've made this for years. I double or triple the batch and after rising 2 hours I put it, tightly covered, in the fridge. The next day I take out a large handful/grapefruit sized amount of dough, shape it and let it rise on the counter on a lightly floured silpat covered with a kitchen towel for 1-2 hours depending on how much time I have. Follow the preheat directions and use the silpat to transfer the dough to the pot. You'll have dough for days and it will taste more complex as days pass.

In a follow-up article, Bittman's article added the recommended weights for the ingredients.
430 grams flour
1 gram yeast
8 grams salt
345 grams water

Bittman also noted he settled on just under a tablespoon of salt -- call it 16 or 17 grams. I use 16 grams.

I've made this for years and, at the outset, found that last rise outside the bowl was a disaster--dough stuck to whatever it was placed on and sprawled all over the counter if left unchecked. I started to do all the rises, including the last one of two to three hours, inside the same steel bowl, and have never looked back. Easier and we've found has the same results

Maybe this will help you: I line a bowl with parchment for the second rise. At that point the dough sticks somewhat. But when it's time to bake, I pick it up by the 4 corners of the parchment and just plop the whole thing into my preheated Creuset Dutch oven, put on the lid, and bake as directed. The parchment peels off easily after baking. The crust is amazingly crisp and the crumb is like in the picture. Just had some with supper tonight.

By weight:
450 g flour
315 g water
9 g salt (1 1/2 tsp.)
1/4 tsp. dry yeast
Or:
450 g flour
285 g water
9 g salt
60 g sourdough starter (100% hydration ratio - 30 g each flour and water)

You can't always get what you want. But if you try sometimes, you find you get what you don't knead.

Not 1/4 teaspoon yeast ; but 1/4 ounce equals 2 and 1/2 teaspoons of yeast. Made it as recipe states once ! Obviously flat! Excellent bread

Note to all cooks who use a LeCruset with the Phenolic knob - it is only oven safe to 375 (it will explode and melt in your oven if you put it in the oven at 450). Best to replace with the stainless steel knob, which LeCruset says can withstand any oven temp (available at many retailers and inexpensive).

I have been making this for years. Every time I do, folks declare it the best bread they've ever had. Tip: for an airier crust, increase the water to 1-3/4 cup. I for this tip at th Scottsdale Farmers' Market from the bread chef at The Phoenician resort.

I have been making this for years too and do a lot of variations. Diane: it helped me get over my fear of baking. Also check out Bittman's variations. These days I usually use 1 cup of whole wheat, 2 cups of unbleached white bread flour, handfuls of pumpkin, sunflower, poppy and sesame seed, and one heaping half tsp of instant yeast.
Susan: The towel is definitely the hardest part of the recipe! So I let it rise in a greased bowl, covered.

For those looking to improve the flavor, try slowing the rise!
Cooler temperatures encourage bacterial fermentation, converting starches to sugars that result in a more complex flavor.
After shaping the loaf in step 3, try refrigerating the dough overnight, then allow 6-8 hours at room temperature for the final rise, instead of 2.
It increases the time from 24 hours to as much as 48 (or more), but you'll never know unless you try...
I also prefer more salt.

I have made this general recipe weekly for 5 years...I find it extremely forgiving. I double it, cover, leave it overnight. I stir it away from the sides in the a.m. pop it onto a floured board, cut in 2. Fold each one into itself, make a nice balls. Cover with towel 35 min, while containers heat up. Place each one into the hot dish, place cover on and bake. Gorgeous crusty round bread when done! Slightly more or less of any ingredient doesn't make or break--it is an amazing recipe.

I've made Mr Lahey's bread so many times I've lost count. I've stopped buying bread in stores. I converted the volumetric measures for flour and water to grams and use this recipe: 430g bread flour, 345g water, .25tsp dry active yeast, 1.75 tsp course salt. I use an electronic scale to weigh the flour and water. Works every time.

Delicious and easy. Thinking I need to upgrade my Dutch oven to make the baking a bit more even. The crust was pretty toasty by the time I took it out, still delicious nonetheless. Served with Brie, lox, and capers…and of course lots of butter. Will never buy bread again!

This came out . . . okay. Nice crumb and chewy crust, not much taste or rise. I prefer the Simple Crusty Bread recipe.

I follow this recipe exactly. Bread flour yields a fluffier dough but ap works great too. Easy and fabulous! Those in humid climates or in the winter if it’s colder using time may take longer

Super easy and delicious!

This recipe is too simple not to make.

Someone please tell me….is this really only 1/4 tsp of yeast? And no other sourdough starter or leavener? This just seems so wrong, and I don’t want to waste my ingredients. Please enlighten me.

yes that is correct. fab loaf of bread exactly as is

I use the almond flour for dusting and I don’t know if it’s better or worse.

Amazing! Worked perfectly and the loaf is scrumptious with butter and my homemade marmalade :)

Question: can this recipe be made - as written - except with sourdough starter instead of yeast? And, if so, how? I’ve made this bread successfully many times and it’s a hit. But family members have developed a food intolerance to yeast. Sourdough does not trigger the problem.

The 1st time I made this, I was bummed to get relatively flat bread but thought it was expected with only 1/4 teaspoon of yeast vs the gram of an entire packet. The 2nd time, I added 1/2 a teaspoon hoping for a better rise, and didn't get one. The 3rd time I baked it I threw in the whole packet of (unexpired) yeast but still got a flat albeit tasty bread. I've added both room temp and 109 degree water, waited 18hrs as directed. Anyone know why I'm getting such flat bread? Is that the point?

I would change brands of yeast. Irrespective of the purported expiration date, your yeast is dead.

A seeded version from Sainsbury’s, based on this recipe (mix the seeds with the dry ingredients and the honey with the water before combining): 350g strong white bread flour, plus extra to dust 175g wholemeal bread flour 1⁄4 tsp fast action dried yeast ½ tbsp fine sea salt 75g mixed seeds 2 tbsp clear honey or maple syrup - if vegan, use maple syrup, not honey

Loved everything about this bread. Easy. The only thing is it was verrrrrry salty. Any thoughts on why that is? I followed the recipe!

If you didn't use kosher salt as specified, it will be very salty.

As others have noted, that "phenolic" or plastic lid handle is not oven safe at 450 degrees (actually the limit is typically under 400). However there's an easy solve for this: I have the same Cuisinart dutch oven, so I ordered a stainless steel knob from Le Creuset which is oven safe to 500+ degrees. The knob fits perfectly! The only caveat is that we felt compelled to call our dutch oven the "le creusetsinart" moving forward.

I forgot to start this recipe the evening before a dinner party but hastened the first rise by placing the bowl of dough in the oven set to “proof” (100F). In a couple of hours the dough had doubled and was covered with bubbles. I then followed the normal recipe process and it came out beautifully.

I portioned out the dough into about 10 blobs onto parchment. and after 30 minutes at rest, popped them into a 450 degree preheated air-fryer oven or 25-30 minutes with a small bowl of water and Voila, the best and crustiest dinner rolls ever. No need to form the dough, it pulls together nicely with bread flour. I use black carroway, (nigella seeds) that adds a spectacular flavor, (coated heavily on top) especially with rye flour. Use more yeast and water if needed

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Credits

Adapted from Jim Lahey, Sullivan Street Bakery

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